Semen Analysis – Sperm DNA Fragmentation
Semen analysis (spermogram) is the most basic fertility test for men. The key, decisive parameters examined are the number and concentration of sperm, their morphology and their motility, which is considered a critical factor for the fertilisation of the egg. The test also reports microscopic findings such as the presence of spermatids (immature sperm forms), pus cells and sperm agglutination by degree: first, second or third. The macroscopic part of the examination includes pH, haemoglobin, liquefaction time, semen volume (from which the total count is calculated) and viscosity.
A high degree of agglutination, low rapid progressive motility and a low sperm count make conception more difficult, as does the presence of pus cells, which indicates infection. When infection is suspected, a culture should be performed for the common pathogens as well as for ureaplasma, mycoplasma and chlamydia. In that case the man should see a urologist, who will prescribe the right treatment and give advice on improving fertility.
Preparation for the test involves 2 to 5 days of abstinence and immediate transport of the sample to the laboratory in a standard sterile container like the one used for urine, especially in the winter months, since the sample is affected by low temperatures.
Sperm DNA fragmentation
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing examines the DNA of the sperm, essentially looking for breaks in the DNA strands. High fragmentation rates lead to male infertility and are directly linked to miscarriages after IVF and to failure to conceive. The main cause of this damage is oxidative stress, which builds up in the body from various factors such as diet, smoking, varicocele, infections and others.
Check Up
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Semen analysis – sperm DNA fragmentation: €165
